原标题：英语学习之英语构词法大全（含单词示例）

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学习构词法基础常识也对错常有优点的，那就是它可以使咱们可以轻松知道更多单词，以一种奇妙的方法扩展词汇量，短期内记住更多的单词。今日，就和修改一同来学习构词法的基础常识吧！

英语中的构词法首要有三种，即转化法、组成法和派生法。

一. 转化法

在英语中，一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性而词形不变的办法叫做转化法。

1. 动词转化为名词

●Let me have a try.

让我试试。

●They are only allowed to sell soft drinksat school.

在学校里只答应他们出售不含酒精的饮料。

2. 名词转化为动词

●He shoulderedhis way through the crowd.

他用肩膀推开人群行进。

●The smell from the kitchen made his mouth water.

从厨房传来的气味使他流口水。

3. 描述词转化为动词

●We will try our best

to betterour living conditions.

咱们要极力改进咱们的日子情况。

●They tried to perfectthe working conditions.

他们尽力改进作业条件。

4. 描述词转化为名词

●He didn’t know the difference between rightand wrong.

他不辨对错。

●The oldin our village are living a happy life.

咱们村的晚年人过着夸姣的日子。

5. 描述词转化为副词

●How longhave you lived there?

你在那儿住多久了？

6. 单个词在必定场合中可转化为名词

●Warm clothes are a mustin the mountains.

穿温暖的衣裳到山区去是有必要的。

●Life is full of upsand downs.

人生有满足时也有失落时。

●His argument contains too many ifsand buts.

他的争辩中富含太多的“假定”和“可是”。

二. 组成法

由两个或两个以上的单词连在一同组成一个新词，这种构词法叫做组成法，组成的词叫做组成词。组成词一般看其词，知其意。

1. 组成名词

●名词/代词+名词 newspaper blood-test she-wolf

●动词+名词 typewriter pickpocket daybreak

●描述词+名词 greenhouse highway

●副词+名词 overcoat outside

●名词+v.-ing/v.-ing +名词 handwriting reading-room freezing-point

●动词+副词/ 副词+ 动词 breakthrough get-together outbreak outcome

●名词+介词+名词 sister-in-law editor-in-chief

2. 组成描述词

●名词+描述词/描述词+名词 world-famous duty-free large-scale long- term

●副词+描述词 over-anxious evergreen

●名词+曩昔分词 man-made sun-burnt

●名词+如今分词 peace-loving English-speaking

●描述词+如今分词 good-looking easy-going

●副词+曩昔分词 well-informed widespread

●副词+如今分词 hardworking far-reaching

●描述词+名词+ed warm-hearted absent-minded

●数词+名词+ed three-legged ten-storied

●数词+名词 one-way five–star

●数词+名词+描述词 ten-year-old 800-meter-long

●名词+to+名词 face –to-face door – to -door

3. 组成动词

●名词+动词 baby-sit sleepwalk

●副词+动词 outnumber underestimate overwork

●描述词+动词 whitewash

4. 组成副词

●描述词＋名词 meanwhile anyway

●描述词＋副词 everywhere anyhow

●副词＋副词 however

●介词＋名词 beforehand overhead

●介词＋副词 forever

5. 组成代词

●代词宾格＋self/selves herself themselves

●物主代词＋self/selves myself yourselves

●描述词＋名词 anything nothing

6. 组成介词

●副词＋名词 inside outside

●介词＋副词 without within

●副词＋介词 into

三. 派生法

由一个词加上前缀或后缀构成一个与原单词意义附近或截然相反的新词叫气度生法。

1. 前缀

除少量前缀外，前缀一般改动单词的意义，但不改动单词的词性。

（1）标明否定意义的前缀

●un- unhappy unfinished undress

●dis- disagree disbelieve

●in- [il-(在字母l前)，im- (在字母m,b,p前)，ir- (在字母r前)] inaccurate illegal impolite imbalance irregular

●mis- misbehave mislead mistake

●non- nonstop nonsmoker

（2）标明其他意义的前缀

●en- “使……”enrich enlarge encourage

●inter- “彼此”international intercontinental

●re- “再，又，重”rethink retell recycle

●tele- “远程的”telescope telephone telegraph

●auto- “主动的”automatic automobile

●co- “一起”coworker cooperate coexist

●anti- “对立，反抗”antiwar antifreeze antinuclear

●multi- “多”multistory multicultural multicolor

●bi- ??span>bicycle bilingual bilateral

●micro- “极小的，细小的”microwave microcomputer

●over- “太多，过火”overwork overdo overestimate

●self- “自个，本身”self-centered self-confident self-control

●under- “在……下面，……下的，缺乏的”underline, underground, underestimate, underrate

2. 后缀

（1）描述词后缀

●-able “可……的，具有……的”acceptable drinkable knowledgeable reasonable

●-al “与……有关的”physical, magical, political

●-an “归于某当地的人”American African

●-ern “方向”southern, northern, eastern

●-ful/ less “（没）有……的”helpful, useful, homeless, hopeless

●-ish “如……的；有……特征的”foolish childish selfish

●-ive “有……倾向的”active attractive expensive

●-en “由……制成的”golden wooden woolen

●-ous “有（性质）的”famous, dangerous, poisonous

●-ly “有……性质的”friendly yearly daily

●-y “构成描述词”noisy dusty cloudy

（2）名词后缀

●-er / or “表人或用具” farmer, baker, visitor, professor, cooker, container

●-ese “某国（人）的”Chinese, Japanese

●-ian “某国、某地人；通晓……的人”musician, Asian, Russian, technician

●-ist “某种主义或作业者”physicist, scientist, communist，socialist

●-ess “表女人，雌性”hostess, actress, princess

●-ment “行为或其状况”government, movement, achievement

●-ness “性质，状况”illness, sadness, carelessness

●-tion “动作，进程，成果”invention, organization, translation

●-ance/ ence “笼统；行为、性质、状况”importance, appearance, absence, existence

●-th “性质、情况” depth, warmth, truth

●-ful “（满的）量”handful, spoonful, mouthful

●-(a)bility “笼统、性质、状况”possibility, disability, reliability

●-al “进程、状况”survival, arrival, approval

●-y “性质、情况”modesty, delivery, honesty

●-dom “处于……状况；性质”freedom, boredom

●-age “状况，行为，身份及其成果”courage, storage, marriage

（3）动词后缀

●-fy / ify “使得；变得” simplify, beautify, purify

●-en “使变成；变得” shorten, deepen, sadden

●-ize “使变成” apologize, realize, specialize

（4）副词后缀

●-ly “方法，程度” freely, truly, angrily

●-ward(s) “向……” towards, forward, upwards

（5）数词后缀

●-teen “十几” fourteen, eighteen, thirteen

●-ty “整十位数” forty,

fifty, sixty

●-th “序数词” twelfth, twentieth

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